See perang on Wiktionary
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Persian افرنگ (“Frank, any white European”), from Old French franc. Doublet of pirang, Peringgi (“European, Western”), and Perancis (“France, French”).\nOriginally described sallow or wan tones of any dark colour.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ڤيرڠ",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "lebih perang",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "paling perang",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "ڤيرڠ"
},
"expansion": "perang (Jawi spelling ڤيرڠ, comparative lebih perang, superlative paling perang)",
"name": "ms-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "since 20th century",
"references": []
}
],
"glosses": [
"brown (having brown colour)"
],
"links": [
[
"brown",
"brown"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Malay terms with obsolete senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "hitam perang (obsolete) bluish-grey colour of slate, lit. 'pale black'"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pale, wan"
],
"links": [
[
"pale",
"pale"
],
[
"wan",
"wan"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) pale, wan"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pucat"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"reddish (of hair)"
],
"links": [
[
"red",
"red"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peraŋ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eraŋ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-raŋ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aŋ"
}
],
"word": "perang"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay adjectives",
"Malay doublets",
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay links with redundant wikilinks",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay terms derived from Old French",
"Malay terms derived from Persian",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Malay/aŋ",
"Rhymes:Malay/eraŋ",
"Rhymes:Malay/raŋ",
"ms:Colors"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "fa",
"3": "افرنگی",
"alt": "افرنگ",
"t": "Frank, any white European"
},
"expansion": "Persian افرنگ (“Frank, any white European”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "fro",
"3": "franc"
},
"expansion": "Old French franc",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "pirang",
"3": "Peringgi",
"4": "Perancis",
"t2": "European, Western",
"t3": "France, French"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of pirang, Peringgi (“European, Western”), and Perancis (“France, French”)",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Persian افرنگ (“Frank, any white European”), from Old French franc. Doublet of pirang, Peringgi (“European, Western”), and Perancis (“France, French”).\nOriginally described sallow or wan tones of any dark colour.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "perang-perang",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perang²",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "perang (plural perang-perang or perang²)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "since 20th century",
"references": []
}
],
"glosses": [
"brown (colour)"
],
"links": [
[
"brown",
"brown"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pirang"
},
{
"word": "merah"
},
{
"word": "coklat"
},
{
"word": "cokelat"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Malay terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"pallor"
],
"links": [
[
"pallor",
"pallor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) pallor"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kepucatan"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Malay terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"blond, of a pale yellowish (golden brown) color"
],
"links": [
[
"blond",
"blond"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) blond, of a pale yellowish (golden brown) color"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kuning tanah"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peraŋ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eraŋ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-raŋ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aŋ"
}
],
"word": "perang"
}
Download raw JSONL data for perang meaning in All languages combined (9.1kB)
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"section": "Malay",
"subsection": "",
"title": "perang",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 1002932443<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 09 Feb 2026 15:01:36 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
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"path": [
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"section": "Malay",
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"title": "perang",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 966707344<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 09 Feb 2026 15:02:31 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-11 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 59dc20b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.